Could be a fiberglass fabric used to reinforce and smooth the plaster so it wouldn't collapse and to provide a good surface for wallpapering. Similar to how renovation wallpaper is used today. It might still be there.
The wallpaper was loosely attached to the wall, I initially thought about just filling in the textured wallpaper but in some places, it was bulging. At first, I thought the wallpaper had come loose from the plaster, but it was the plaster that had come off from the brick.O said:
Thanks, that sounds very reasonable. It's not quite a mesh, but it's tough and fairly strong and the "weave pattern" is embossed. I also think it's waterproof. In some places, it's adhered, but in others, the plaster has come off, and where it's been drilled, there are large holes of missing material around the plug because it has crumbled. I think I need to remove everything where the plaster has come off the wall and apply new plaster plus fiber fabric. The wall is going to be painted.BirgitS said:
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