Small holes (<about 40mm) can be sealed with mortar.
Slightly larger holes, around 40-150mm, are easiest to seal with mortar and small pieces of leca blocks, bricks, small stones, or whatever you have at hand. Press in a bit of mortar, insert a few shards, add more mortar, a few more shards, and so on.
For even larger holes, it is easiest to fit one or more pieces of leca blocks and mortar them in place.