I watched "Arga Snickaren" on channel 5 when they were framing an interior wall. They had some form of steel profile on the floor and ceiling. Then they clamped wooden studs into them (vertically).

What is such a steel profile called?
 
Sheet metal rule, available at most hardware stores.
 
They are most often referred to as ståltSKENA at most hardware stores. Stålregel are the vertical ones (used by the angry one in wood). Available in 45, 70, and 90 mm. The tracks follow these measurements as well. A 3.6 m track at 70mm costs about 50 kr.
 
Why did they not use steel consistently? What motivated steel on one hole, wood on the other?
 
It's quite a matter of taste, here are my opinions.

If you use steel studs for the upright studs, you can use a tool to clamp them to the horizontal steel track. I find that quite cumbersome and would rather screw. The advantage with them is that there are pre-made holes to run electrical wires through. The downside is that they are more difficult to cut to length, and if you need to make some walls, there's quite a bit to cut.

The advantage of wood is that it's nice to screw into, both when you're setting up the studs and when you're screwing the boards, plus you'll always need wood around doors and windows.
The downside is drilling for electrical wires.

So in my view, a perfect combo is using steel tracks on the floor and ceiling and placing wooden studs inside.
 
A steel rule is usually also straighter than wooden rules, which can be helpful. However, wood is easier to work with in my opinion.
 
Steel studs are more expensive, but I think they can be installed quite quickly, though it also depends on the location. When constructing new, it's faster to cut wooden studs since you have a set measurement, but if you have to measure and cut each wooden stud individually, it takes a bit more time, whereas steel studs go quickly because an approximate measurement is sufficient.
 
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