These were quite obvious techniques, especially the one in the image above. But I would rather double with screw-glued plywood on both sides.
I quote what I wrote in a post three years ago: A little anecdote about notching:
In Gothenburg, we lived in a cluster house area.
All the houses were the same, and all had detached garages on our little street.
The winter of 2009 - 2010 (the last year we lived there) it snowed a lot, and one neighbor after another was up on the garage roof, which was flat and low-sloped, shoveling snow, which was 30 - 40 cm deep.
So was I, just in case.
One of my closest neighbors smiled smugly and wondered why we did so, it was unnecessary.
Well, the day after, the neighbor was up on his garage roof shoveling like crazy.
A couple of the roof beams had cracked/split where they were notched and lay over the wall's support beam, and the roof sagged significantly.
The neighbor was a professor of building physics in wood and concrete constructions at Chalmers
And the other examples, with screws in the middle of the studs, I would never accept. Better to choose a different dimension or alternatively switch to a steel beam.
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