Ceiling electrical box with loose wires and wall damage near mounting plate, causing difficulty in securing it by drilling.
How can you secure the mounting plate when it looks like this?
They just come loose more and more the more you drill?
 
Is it completely hopeless to attach over the junction box then you have to place it on the side and perhaps put a lid with a hole on the side for the cables from the junction box.
 
Yes, it's basically hopeless to attach over the box as the holes keep collapsing all the time. The problem with moving the plate outward is that you pinch the cables against the plate visible at the bottom of the image. That's the plate you're supposed to attach the fan to.
 
Glue up the board, the surface will be so large that it will hold
 
Well, just gluing it doesn't seem like an option. Even if it holds, there would still be the feeling that it could fall down at any moment.

I was thinking about whether it might be possible to put some small spacers/plates between the ceiling and the actual plate so that the cables can run freely? I mean placing the plate slightly outside the actual box.
Could that be something?
 
Yes, it should work. Thread some cable insulation over the single-insulated wires and it will be fine.
What kind of ceiling is it, gypsum or concrete?
 
It's concrete.
That's why it just crumbles when you try to drill so close to the box itself.
There are 4 different cable channels going out from the box itself, so it's not very easy to find places to drill.
 
Exactly, but it's difficult to know exactly how the channels run since they bend in different directions. If you look straight up into the box, you can see the channels. But then they don't run straight out into the ceiling. So you almost have to use a stud finder that can read metal so you can see where the channels go.

That kind of cover will be good to put on later.
As you say, concrete provides a good grip as long as the concrete doesn't give way like it did in the picture.
If you get a nice hole, should it reasonably be enough to drill two holes on each side?
 
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