The house (1.5-story wooden structure with the characteristic 45° roof pitch and low wall height) is from 1978 and is 8 m wide with a heart wall that I'm a bit curious about.

I removed some of the chipboard and found that the wall consists of 45x45 (or rather 47 when I measured) studs with 20 cm centers and then some form of cardboard material 50x50 on each side of the studs.

The chipboards are glued to the cardboard studs but not to the wooden studs. The wooden studs are a few mm thinner in dimension so the chipboards don't even lie flush against them. Additionally, there is only 1 nail per wooden stud (in the middle) except at the chipboard joints where there is more nailing.

Is this some special solution for this time period? Why hasn't it been glued and nailed to the wooden studs to create a strong structure? How good is the cardboard?

I plan to reinforce the wall under a column on the upper floor and glue and screw plywood boards on each side of the wall. To be able to glue to all the wooden studs, I need to remove the slightly thicker cardboard. Do you think it should be replaced with even more regular studs or are glue and screws stronger than the old cardboard?
 
I also have a wall with cardboard-like studs, noticed them when I made a hole to install a socket in an existing wall. What are they? I managed to get between two, had to remove a bit of one to make room for the socket, which was very easy, it was like compressed cardboard, similar to in a molded door, and it appears to be about 20 cm apart.
 
It sounds like some form of prefab construction.
There have been/still are quite a few odd solutions in that industry.
 
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