According to the wood guide, the floor joists are placed on a wall plate and then continue with the wall extension upwards, after which a new wall plate is created for the roof.

Is it necessary to place the floor joists on a wall plate, or can they be attached to the standing studs in the load-bearing outer wall? That is, so the outer wall is one piece, not broken into two parts in height.

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You need something that ties the floor joists laterally and prevents them from tipping. Completely ignoring the top plate, edge beam, and sill won't work. You also need to ensure that the loads from the floor structure can be transferred over windows/doors.

One way to do this is to notch the wall studs for an edge beam that the floor joists connect to via joist hangers. However, this requires some forethought to ensure all forces are accounted for and stabilized in all directions.

You also need to think about having something to screw the drywall into, how the plastic should connect, etc.
 
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