We are in the process of completely renovating the house, including the basement, and I'm a bit stuck with the preparation of the walls.

The problem is that the walls are dusty. No matter how much I sand, it feels like they never get completely clean. When you run your hand along the surface, sand still comes off, even after thorough sanding and brushing.

However, it seems to be only superficial (about 1–2 mm).

My question is:
How thoroughly do you need to remove the dusty layer before proceeding?
Can you use some type of primer or binder to stabilize the surface?

The plan is to then apply a thin plaster to the walls and finish with a breathable paint.

I would gladly accept tips and experiences from anyone who has done a similar project in a basement or has good knowledge about this :)
 
  • A sanded basement wall with visible texture issues due to sanding, seeking advice on surface preparation before applying primer and diffusion-open paint.
  • Basement wall with sandy surface beneath window, showing visible dust and uneven texture. Renovation work in progress, seeking advice on surface stabilization.
  • A basement room with sanded concrete walls, showing uneven surfaces and a small window. Renovation in progress with visible plaster remnants.
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