Need advice from carpenters and other knowledgeable people on how to best solve this dilemma for me. The pictures below were taken on our staircase leading up to the finished attic.

Regarding arrow no. 1, these are the studs they've put up to attach the staircase. How do I best cover this? I'm considering 6mm MDF that I have on hand or renovation plasterboard, which is better to use?
Arrow no. 2 goes hand in hand with no. 1 and no. 3, as the studs are lower than the floor (no. 3). The floor consists of 22mm chipboard, 5mm foam, and 14mm parquet, totaling 41mm higher than the studs. Should I build something on the studs to get to the same level and then place the cover plate edge to edge, or how do I do it? What is standard practice?

Then comes dilemma no. 4 in image 2. Initially, the stairwell was made so narrow that you would hit your hand on the ceiling if you held onto the railing on the way up. Not acceptable, and they had to change this. The end result was a certain distance between the railing and the stairwell. But how do I make it look best there? The ceiling you see in image two (the old ugly pine ceiling) will be replaced with new ceiling tiles.

This is the last of the finished attic, and then it's finally done. I would appreciate all advice and tips!
 
  • Wooden staircase with arrows and numbers indicating construction points for modification, including gaps and level differences, with focus on covering solutions.
  • Staircase railing gap with wooden structure, showing gap issue near ceiling. Arrow labeled "4" indicates a problem area needing a fix for ceiling and railing alignment.
Choose 6mm MDF, it is more durable than drywall
otherwise, it is the appearance in kind that provides the best solution
 
Well, mentally I've decided on 6mm MDF. But should one build up with small pieces to the same level as the floor and place the MDF edge-to-edge on top of the frame, or should one build out 6mm beyond the frame so the MDF ends up underneath? Which looks best?
 
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