Polish with the same type of mortar as the rest of the stove. When is it from? 50s-60s? If so, it's probably something similar to ordinary plaster mix C. 50 mm is quite a lot to build in terms of plaster, so apply it in several layers. Since it is indoors, you won't have any issues with durability.
For it to look nice, the aggregate must be of a similar grain size. Despite this, it might be difficult to make the transition to the plaster surface above seamless. I guess a professional would have knocked down the plaster above and plastered the whole thing as one surface.