Different load cases. Search for "fixed support" and "simply supported" on Google.
If the beam is fixed, part of the bending moment that aims to break the beam is managed by transferring it to the column. This imposes higher demands on the columns and their attachments but likely allows for a slimmer beam.
One often strives to design things so that many moments and uneven loads do not spread throughout the structure, but sometimes it can be appropriate to distribute the loads a bit.